1/22 - Direto vs Indireto 🗣️
Discurso Direto: Cita exatamente o que foi dito ("I am hungry").
Indireto: Relata a ideia mudando a perspectiva (Ele disse que estava com fome).
2/22 - A Regra do Backshift 🌀
Se o verbo de relato (Said, Told) está no passado, o tempo da fala original dá um passo para trás no tempo gramatical.
3/22 - Presente -> Passado ⏱️
- Simple Present -> Simple Past
- Present Continuous -> Past Continuous
- Present Perfect -> Past Perfect
4/22 - Passado -> Passado Perfeito ⏳
Simple Past e Past Perfect convergem para: Past Perfect (Had + V3).
Ex: "I saw him" -> He said he had seen him.
5/22 - Futuro com Will 🔮
O Will sempre se transforma em Would no relato.
Ex: "I will call" -> She said she would call.
6/22 - Modais de Habilidade 🏗️
- Can vira Could.
- May vira Might.
- Must vira Had to.
7/22 - Mudança de Pronomes 👥
O "Eu" de quem falou vira "Ele/Ela" para quem ouve. Os possessivos mudam de acordo.
"My house" -> His/Her house.
8/22 - Marcadores de Tempo (Zoom Out) ⏰
- Today -> That day
- Tonight -> That night
- Yesterday -> The day before
9/22 - Marcadores de Futuro 📅
- Tomorrow -> The next day
- Next week -> The following week
10/22 - Marcadores de Lugar 📍
- Here -> There
- This -> That
- These -> Those
11/22 - Relatando Perguntas de Sim/Não ❓
Usamos IF ou WHETHER. A inversão de pergunta acaba e vira ordem de afirmação.
Ex: "Are you tired?" -> He asked if I was tired.
12/22 - Relatando Wh- Questions 🕵️
Mantemos a Wh-word (What, Where...), mas colocamos na ordem: Sujeito + Verbo.
Ex: "Where is he?" -> She asked where he was.
13/22 - Ordens e Comandos 🛑
Usamos a estrutura: Told me TO + Verbo. Não há backshift de tempo!
Ex: "Sit down!" -> He told me to sit down.
14/22 - Ordens Negativas 🚫
Usamos: Told me NOT TO + Verbo.
Ex: "Don't go!" -> She told me not to go.
15/22 - Say vs Tell (A Diferença) 🗣️
Say: Não dizemos a pessoa (He said that...).
Tell: PRECISA da pessoa (He told me that...).
16/22 - Exceção: Verdades Gerais 🌍
Se você relata algo que ainda é verdade hoje, o tempo pode não mudar.
Ex: "The sun is hot" -> He said the sun is hot.
17/22 - Relatando Sugestões 💡
Use Suggest + Verbo com -ing.
Ex: "Let's eat" -> He suggested eating.
18/22 - Pedidos Educados (Ask) 🙏
Use Ask + TO para pedidos.
Ex: "Can you help?" -> He asked me to help.
19/22 - Mudança: Ago -> Before 🔙
"Two days ago" -> Two days before.
20/22 - Mudança: Last -> Previous ⏮️
"Last night" -> The night before / The previous night.
21/22 - Mudança: Now -> Then ⏭️
"I am busy now" -> He said he was busy then.
22/22 - Tabela Master Final 📋
| Direto | Indireto |
|---|
| "I work" | He said he worked |
| "I will go" | He said he would go |
| "Don't cry" | He told me not to cry |
| "Where?" | He asked where... |