Guia Completo de Conjunções e Conectivos

1. Coordinating Conjunctions (FANBOYS)

Conectam elementos de igual valor gramatical (duas ideias principais). Lembre-se do acrônimo FANBOYS:

• For (pois), And (e), Nor (nem), But (mas), Or (ou), Yet (no entanto), So (então).
• Exemplo: It was raining, so we decided to stay home.

2. Subordinating Conjunctions

Conectam uma oração dependente (ideia secundária) a uma oração independente (ideia principal).

• Tempo: when, after, before, while... Ex: Call me when you arrive.
• Causa/Razão: because, since, as... Ex: I stayed home because I was sick.
• Condição: if, unless... Ex: You will pass the test if you study.
• Contraste: although, though, even though... Ex: Although it was cold, she went out.
• Propósito: so that, in order that... Ex: She is studying hard so that she can get a good job.

3. Correlative Conjunctions

Trabalham em pares para conectar elementos iguais.

• either ... or ... (ou ... ou ...): You can have either tea or coffee.
• neither ... nor ... (nem ... nem ...): He speaks neither English nor Spanish.
• both ... and ... (tanto ... quanto ...): She is both intelligent and beautiful.
• not only ... but also ... (não só ... mas também ...): He is not only a musician but also an actor.

4. Connectors / Linking Words

Gramaticalmente são advérbios, mas conectam ideias entre frases. Geralmente vêm no início da frase, seguidos por vírgula.

• Contraste: however, on the other hand... Ex: He is a great professional. However, he is always late.
• Resultado: therefore, as a result... Ex: The company invested. As a result, productivity increased.

5. Diferença: although / though / even though

Todos significam "embora", mas com ênfases diferentes.

• Although: Neutro e comum. Although the test was difficult, I passed.
• Though: Mais informal e flexível (pode ir no final da frase). The test was difficult. I passed, though.
• Even though: Mais enfático, para um contraste forte. Even though he had studied for weeks, he failed.